Applied sciences

Chemical and Process Engineering: New Frontiers

Content

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 4 (3rd Seminar on Practical Aspects of Chemical Engineering PAIC 2022, 7–8 June 2022, Zaniemyśl, Poland. Guest editor: Prof. Marek Ochowiak)

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Abstract

Due to the increasing problem resulting from environmental pollution with heavy metals, great emphasis is placed on the development of removal methods of these pollutants from the environment. This study presents a literature review on the methods for the removal of nickel ions from aqueous solutions such as sorption, especially using low-cost sorbents which are very popular in 21���� century, electrochemical processes and membrane techniques. It is often impossible to use a single technique for efficient removal of heavy metals from wastewater as the process depends on many factors, such as wastewater composition, pH, temperature and many others. The aim of this review is to present some selected removal techniques of nickel(II) from wastewater from the point of view of their efficiency and applicability.
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Authors and Affiliations

Izabela Kruszelnicka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dobrochna Ginter-Kramarczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech Góra
1
ORCID: ORCID
Katarzyna Staszak
2
ORCID: ORCID
Marek Baraniak
3
Grzegorz Lota
3
ORCID: ORCID
Magdalena Regel-Rosocka
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering and Building Installations, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan
  2. Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan
  3. Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan
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Abstract

Conventional membranes used in the process of premix membrane emulsification are prone to fouling, especially when biopolymers are employed as surfactants. An alternative to conventional membranes are dynamic membranes consisting of an unconsolidated porous medium. Dynamic membranes have the advantage of enabling easy cleaning of the inside of the pores. Experimental research carried out to date has focused on the application of hydrophilic dynamic membranes composed of glass microbeads for producing o/w emulsions. The aims of this study were to determine the efficiency of droplet size reduction in a w/o emulsion when passed through a dynamic hydrophobic membrane consisting of a bed of irregular polymer particles, and to assess the effect of multiple membrane passes on the properties of the w/o emulsion. The dynamic membranes evaluated in the tests were found to reduce the diameters of premix droplets when an appropriate pressure level was reached. Higher bed porosity was associated with greater fluxes achieved across the packed bed, but the resulting emulsions were less homogeneous. Multiple passes of the emulsion through the dynamic polypropylene membrane led to a further reduction in droplet size, but it was accompanied by a decline in emulsion homogeneity.
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Authors and Affiliations

Adrianna Frankiewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Różański
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, ul. Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
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Abstract

The main aim of the below presented work was to investigate the possibility of using impedance spectroscopy in the unpasteurized beer microbial contamination degree assessment. Advantages of the impedance spectroscopy method, a negligible number of similar published results as well as their practical aspect make the research important. Four different types of beerswere investigated whichwere unfit for consumption due to improper storage and were heavily microbiologically contaminated. Their impedance was measured in the frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 1 kHz before and after centrifugation. Based on the measured values, an innovative electrical equivalent circuit was proposed and the parameters of the circuit elements were fitted. The obtained results show significant differences (23 up to 35%) in the values of resistance modelling the diffusion phenomenon. Such large changes, resulting from the removal of biomass from the samples, prove the validity of impedance spectroscopy in the study of the properties of unpasteurized beer. According to the authors, it would be possible to use the proposed methodology during the production of beer.With some limitations, it should aid in the early detection of microbial contamination.
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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Macioszek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sylwia Andrzejczak-Grzadko
2
ORCID: ORCID
Olga Konkol
2
Ryszard Rybski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Zielona Góra, Institute of Metrology, Electronics and Computer Science, ul. prof. Z. Szafrana 2, 65-246 Zielona Góra, Poland
  2. University of Zielona Góra, Institute of Biological Sciences, ul. prof. Z. Szafrana 1, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland
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Abstract

Bacteriophages, viruses that can infect bacteria, are promising alternatives for antibiotic treatment caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria strains. For that reason, the production of bacteriophages is extensively studied. Mathematical modelling can lead to the improvement of bioprocess by identification of critical process parameters and their impact on the demanded product. Dynamic modelling considers a system (i.e. bioreactor or bioprocess) as a dynamic object focusing on changes in the initial and final parameters (such as biomass concentration and product formation) in time, so-called signals and treats the studied system as a “black box” that processes signals. This work aimed to develop a mathematical model that describes bacteriophage production process. As result, we created a dynamic model that can estimate the number of bacteriophages released from cells as plaque-forming units at specific time points based on the changes in the bacteria host-cell concentration. Moreover, the proposed model allowed us to analyze the impact of the initial virus concentration given by multiplicity of infection (MOI) on the amount of produced bacteriophages.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Konopacki
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Marta Gliźniewicz
2
ORCID: ORCID
Dominika Miłek
2
ORCID: ORCID
Marian Kordas
1
ORCID: ORCID
Rafał Rakoczy
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, al. Piastów 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
  2. Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, al. Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Abstract

Titanium dioxide with its ability to be a UV light blocker is commonly used as a physical sunscreen in the cosmetic industry. However, the safety issues of TiO 2 application should be considered more in-depth, e.g., UV light-induced generation of reactive oxygen species which can cause DNA damage within skin cells. The proper modification of titanium dioxide to significantly limit its photocatalytic properties can contribute to the safety enhancement. The modification strategies including the process conditions and intrinsic properties of titanium dioxide were discussed. The selected examples of commercially available TiO 2 materials as potential components of cosmetic emulsions dedicated for sunscreens were compared in this study. Only rutile samples modified with Al 2O 3 and/or SiO 2 showed inhibition of photocatalytic activity.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Janczarek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Waldemar Szaferski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
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Abstract

The practical applications of bacteriophages are associated with the problems related to the intensification, optimization of process production of this biomaterial and the search for new methods of production. The production of bacteriophages requires a fine balance between the dynamic growth of the bacteriophage and the host. The electromagnetic field (EMF) is a promising biotechnological method for the process production of bacteriophages. This study evaluates the use of various types of EMF to enhance the process. It was found that the process production of bacteriophages is divided into two stages. In the first stage, the influence of various types of EMF on the proliferation process of bacteria (host) was analyzed. Secondly, the process production of bacteriophage was implemented for the optimal infection conditions under the action of the various types of EMF. Moreover, the study demonstrated that the most effective bacteriophage production was the process with the application of the rotating magnetic field (RMF), pulsed magnetic field (PMF) and the static magnetic field (SMF) with negative polarity.
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Authors and Affiliations

Rafał Rakoczy
1
ORCID: ORCID
Maciej Konopacki
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Marian Kordas
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, al. Piastów 42,71-065 Szczecin, Poland
  2. Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Chair of Microbiology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, al. Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland

Instructions for authors

All manuscripts submitted for publication in Chemical and Process Engineering: New Frontiers must comprise a description of original research that has neither been published nor submitted for publication elsewhere.

The content, aim and scope of the proposals have to comply with the main topics of the journal, i.e. discuss at least one of the four main areas, namely:
• New Advanced (Nano) Materials
• Environment & Water Processing (including circular economy)
• Biochemical & Biomedical Engineering (including pharmaceuticals)
• Climate & Energy (including energy conversion & storage, electrification, decarbonization)

Chemical and Process Engineering: New Frontiers publishes: i) experimental and theoretical research papers, ii) short communications, iii) critical reviews, and iv) perspective articles. Each publication form is peer-reviewed by at least two independent referees.

New Submissions

Manuscripts are submitted for publication via Editorial System. When writing a manuscript, you may choose to submit it as a single Word file to be used in the refereeing process. The manuscript needs to be written in a clear way. The minimum requirements are:
• Please use clear fonts, at least 12 points large, with at least 1.5-line spacing.
• Figures should be placed in relevant places within the manuscript. All figures and tables should be numbered and provided with appropriate caption and legend, if necessary.


Language requirements

• Use Simple Past to talk about your experiment and your results as they were finished before you wrote the paper. Use Simple Past to describe what you did.
Example: Two samples were taken. Temperature increased to 200K at the end of the process.
• Use Simple Present to refer to figures and tables.
Example: Table 2 shows nitrogen concentration changes in the process.
• Use Simple Present to talk about your conclusions. You move here from describing your results to stating what is generally true.
Example: The process is caused by changes of nitrogen concentration.
• Capitalise words like ‘Table 2’, ‘Equation 11’.
• If a sentence is longer than three lines, break down your writing into logically divided parts (paragraphs). Start a new paragraph to discuss a new concept.
• Check noun/verb agreement (singular/plural).
• It is fine to choose either British or American English but you should avoid mixing the two.
• Avoid empty language (it is worth pointing out that, etc.).



Revised Submission

After the first revision, authors will be requested to put their paper in the correct format, using the below guidelines and template for articles.


Manuscript outline

1. Header details
a. Title,
b. Names (first name and further initials) and surnames of authors,
c. Institution(s) (affiliation),
d. Address(es) of authors,
e. ORCID number of all authors.
f. Information about the corresponding author: name and surname, email address.

2. Abstract – should contain a short summary of the proposed paper. In the maximum of 200 words the authors should present the main assumptions, results and conclusions drawn from the presented study.

3. Keywords – up to 5 characteristic keyword items should be provided.

4. Text
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c. Conclusions. The major conclusions can be put forward in a concise style in a separate chapter. A presentation of conclusions from the reported research work accompanied by a short commentary is also acceptable.
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e. Tables should be made according to the format shown in the template.
f. All figures and tables should be numbered and provided with an appropriate caption and legend, if necessary. They have to be properly referenced to and commented in the text of the manuscript.

5. List of symbols should be accompanied by their units

6. Acknowledgements may be included before the list of literature references

7. Literature citations
The method of quoting literature source in the manuscript depends on the number of its authors:
single author – their surname and year of publication should be given, e.g. Marquardt (1996) or (Marquardt, 1996),
two authors – the two surnames separated by the conjunction “and” with the publication year should be given, e.g. Charpentier and McKenna (2004) or (Charpentier and McKenna, 2004),
three and more authors – the surname of the first author followed by the abbreviation “et al.” and year of publication should be given, e.g. Bird et al. (1960) or (Bird et al., 1960).

In the case of citing more sources in one bracket, they should be listed in alphabetical order using semicolon for separation, e.g. (Bird et al., 1960; Charpentier and McKenna, 2004; Marquardt, 1996). Should more citations of the same author(s) and year appear in the manuscript then letters “a, b, c, ...” should be successively applied after the publication year.

Bibliographic data of the quoted literature should be arranged at the end of the manuscript in alphabetical order of surnames of the first author. It is obligatory to indicate the DOI number of those literature items, whose numbers have already been assigned. Journal titles should be specified by typing their right abbreviations or, when in doubts, according to the Science and Engineering Journal Abbreviations.

Examples of citation for:

Articles
Charpentier J. C., McKenna T. F., 2004. Managing complex systems: some trends for the future of chemical and process engineering. Chem. Eng. Sci., 59, 1617-1640. DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2004.01.044.
Information from books (we suggest adding the page numbers where the quoted information can be found)
Bird R. B., Stewart W.E., Lightfood E.N., 2002. Transport Phenomena. 2nd edition, Wiley, New York, 415-421.
Chapters in books
Hanjalić K., Jakirlić S., 2002. Second-moment turbulence closure modelling, In: Launder B.E., Sandham N.D. (Eds.), Closure strategies for turbulent and transitional flows. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 47-101.
Conferences
ten Cate A., Bermingham S.K., Derksen J.J., Kramer H.M.J., 2000. Compartmental modeling of an 1100L DTB crystallizer based on Large Eddy flow simulation. 10th European Conference on Mixing. Delft, the Netherlands, 2-5 July 2000, 255-264.



Cover letter


Authors are kindly asked to provide a cover letter which signifies the novelty and most important findings of the manuscript as well as the significance to the field.


Author contributions

During submission, authors will be asked to provide the individual contributions to the paper using the relevant CRediT roles: Conceptualization; Data curation; Formal analysis; Funding acquisition; Investigation; Methodology; Project administration; Resources; Software; Supervision; Validation; Visualization; Roles/Writing - original draft; Writing - review & editing.


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ETHICAL PRINCIPLES

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http://publicationethics.org/files/u2/Best_Practice.pdf

Authors’ duties

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Authorship should be limited to persons, who markedly contributed to the idea, project, realization and interpretation of results. All of them have to be listed as co-authors. Other persons, who affected some important parts of the study should be listed or mentioned as co-workers. Author should be certain that all co-authors were enlisted, saw and accepted final version of the paper and agreed upon its publication.

Disclosure and conflict of interests
Author should disclose all sources of financing of his/her study, the input of scientific institutions, associations and other subjects and all important conflicts of interests that might affect results and interpretation of the study.

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Multiple, unnecessary and competitive publications
As a rule author should not publish papers describing the same studies in more than one journal or primary publication. Submission of the same paper to more than one journal at the same time is not ethical and prohibited.

Confirmation of sources
Author should cite papers that affected the creation of submitted manuscript and every time he/she should confirm the use of other authors’ work.

Important errors in published papers
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Originality and plagiarism
Author may submit only original papers. He/she should be certain that the names of authors referred to in the paper and/or fragments of their texts are properly cited or mentioned.

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Duties of the Editorial Office


Editors’ duties
Editors know the rules of journal editing including the procedures applied in case of uncovering non-ethical practices.

Decisions on publication
Editor-in Chief is obliged to apply present legal status as to defamation, violation of author’s rights and plagiarism and bears the responsibility for decisions. He/she may consult thematic editors and/or referees in that matter.

Selection of referees
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Confidentiality
Every member of editorial team is not allowed to disclose information about submitted paper to any person except its author, referees, other advisors and editors.

Discrimination
To counteract discrimination the Editorial Office obeys the legally binding rules.

Disclosure and conflict of interests
Not published papers or their fragments cannot be used in the studies of editorial team or ref-erees without written consent of the author.


Referees' duties

Editorial decisions

Referee supports Editor-in-Chief in taking editorial decisions and may also support author in improving the paper.

Back information
In case a selected referee is not able to review the paper or cannot do it in due time period, he/she should inform secretary of the Editorial Office about this fact.

Objectivity standards
Reviews should be objective. Personal criticism is inappropriate. Referees should clearly ex-press their opinions and support them with proper arguments.

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Disclosure and conflict of interests
Confidential information or ideas resulting from reviewing procedure should be kept secret and should not be used to gain personal benefits. Referees should not review papers, which might generate conflict of interests resulting from relationships with the author, firm or institution involved in the study.

Confirmation of sources
Referees should indicate publications which are not referred to in the paper. Any statement that the observation, source or argument was described previously should be supported by appropriate citation. Referee should also inform the secretary of the Editorial Office about significant similarity to or partial overlapping of the reviewed paper with any other published paper and about suspected plagiarism.



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